|
Class of A.B & M.O.A |
Generic Name |
Common Use |
Trade Name |
Comments |
|
B-Lactoms
Inhibitors of Cell wall
synthesis. |
|
|
A) penicillins
|
a)
Penicillin G
|
Rheumatic fever
|
Long acting:I.M
*Retarpen
*Durapen
(15-30 Days)
Short acting:I.M
*Penicillin-G/6hr |
-Must Make
sensitivity
test
-Orally
inactive
|
|
b)Phenoxy Methyl penicillin
|
Rheumatic Fever
|
*Ospen 1000 tab
1500 tab
400
susp
|
Oral
active penicillin
|
|
c)Penicillin derivative
Ampicillin
|
-U.R.T.I.
-Simple wounds
-carbuncles.
. |
*Ampicllin
*Epicocillin
|
Save
during pregnancy
|
|
-Amoxicillin
|
-U.R.T.I
-Chest infection.
-UTI .
|
*Amoxil
*Biomox
*Hiconcil
|
- Lese S.E than ampicillin(↓diarrhea & have
↑absorbtion
. *every 6/hr.
|
|
(Dicloxacillin
& Cloxacillin & Flucloxacilin) used in combination
with amoxicillin & ampicillin due to they are B- Lactamase
resistant. |
|
B)
Cephalosporins |
|
| |
1st Generation |
|
-
Cephalixin
|
-E.N.T infection.
-mixed infection
-Bone& joint infection.
gynecological & obstetrical infection.
|
*Ceporex
|
Cover wide range of G +Ve & -Ve
Bacteria |
|
-Cephradine |
*
Velosef |
|
- Cefadroxil
|
*Duracef.
*Curacef.
|
*Cap/12hr
(use this benefit during Fasting in
Ramadan)
|
|
2nd
generation:
|
|
-
Cefaclor
|
- Mainly in Sever
R.T.I.
|
*Bacticlor
* cefaclor
/12hr for (5-10) days.
|
2nd generation
Broader spectrum
especially against G-Ve.
|
|
-
Cefaroxime
|
* Zinnat
|
|
-
Cefixime
|
*
Ximacef 200, 400. |
|
3rd
Generation: |
|
Cefotaxim |
-sever&
serious &mixed infection which cause not known.
|
*Cefotax
vial |
|
|
Cefoperazone |
*cefazone
vial |
|
|
Cefpodoxime |
*Orelox
tab& susp. |
|
|
ceftriaxone |
*Rociphen
vial |
-Two
types of vials (I.M& I.V) |
|
4th
Generation: |
|
-Cefepime
|
-sever&
serious &mixed infection which cause not known |
*Maxipim
vial (1g-500mg)
|
|
|
2)Aminoglycosides
- Inhibits protein synthesis
|
-mainly against G-ve
-main S.E : ototoxicity &Nephrotoxicity .
|
|
Gentamycin
|
-U.T.I.
-Skin infection &burns.
pneumonia
|
*Garamycin
cream&oint
-ampoule
(20-4o-80mg)
|
Dose(3mg/kg)
|
|
Amikacin |
R.T.I
|
*Amikin
ampoule |
Dose(15mg/kg) |
|
Neomycin
|
-acute
intestinal infection(Amoebiasis)
|
*Neomycin
|
-act locally(poor absorbtion)
-preparation for bowel surgery.
-Hepatic encephalopathy
(as it kill
bacterial flora
which produce
NH3)
|
|
3)MacrolideGroup:
- Inhibits protein synthesis
|
1)-suitable dose is critical
as :
-low conc: bactriostatic
-high conc: bactericidal.
2)suitable for patient with penicillin sensitivity.
|
|
-Erythromycin
|
-influenza.
-Acne.
-Wounds.
-Carbuncles.
|
*Erythrocin .
*Acne mycin
(lotion)
|
-dose
/ 6hr
|
|
-Azithromycin
|
-sever
R.T.I
|
*Zithromax
*Zithrocin
|
-250mg/cap.
(2cap/day)
for3days
-500mg/cap.
(1cap/day)
for3days.`
|
|
-Clarithromycin
|
bone
infection
-teeth infection |
*Clindam
*Dalacin
–C |
150mg
&300mg |
|
-Lincomycin
|
-R.T.I
|
*Eryped
susp
|
Fruity taste.
( suitable for children ) |
|
*Lincomycin
(ampoule)
|
|
|
-Roxithromycin |
-E.N.T
-R.T.I |
*Roxid
*Rulid |
|
|
-Spiramycin
|
-R.T.I
|
*Rovac
*Spirex |
-two conc(1.5 &
3 M.I.U) |
|
-Miocamycin
|
-R.T.I
-U.T.I
-skin
infection |
*Miocamen
|
-susp&tablet
-Dose:50mg/kg/
day
|
|
4)Tetracycline
Antibiotics :
-inhibits protein synthesis
|
-combine with metal ions Ca & Al give
insoluble chleate &so not given with milk products &
Antacids .( you can take it 2hr after or before).
-not prescribed to 1) pregnant .
2) child <
8 years ( cause weak & yellowish teeth ) . |
|
-Tetracycline
|
-U.T.I
-skin
infection |
*Hostacycline
*Tetracid |
-500mg
-250mg |
|
-Doxycycline
Hcl
|
-R.T.I
-Acne. |
*vibramycin
*Doxy MR |
Cap/12hr
Cap/24hr |
|
-Doxycycline
hyclate
|
-R.T.I
-Acne. |
*Doxymycin
*Tabocin |
Cap/12hr
|
|
-Oxytetracycline |
-U.T.I |
*Oxytetracid |
|
|
5)Chloramephenicole
Antibiotics
:
-inhibits protein
synthesis
|
( Bactriostatic ) |
|
chloramephenicole
|
-Typhoid fever.
-Antiseptic eye drops for neonates. |
*cidoctein
*Ocuophenicole eye drop
|
S.E
:
Cause bone marrow depression
|
|
-Thiophenicole
|
-Typhoid fever. |
*
Thiophenicole
|
-less oto & hepato toxicity |
|
6)Quinolones :
-inhibit
nucleic acid synthesis .
|
-not used <15 years.
-main
use for U.T.I (pus &blood in urine analysis)
|
|
-Norfloxacin |
-U.T.I |
*Noracin |
Cap/12hr/5days |
|
-ciprofloxacin
|
-U.T.I
-G.I.T
-Bone & joint infection
-R.T.I
|
*ciprofar
*cipro
*ciprocin
*ciprobay
|
-wider use
due to
distribution to all body tissues.
-250 ,500& 750mg tablet.
-Cap/12hr/5days
|
|
-Ofloxacin
|
-U.T.I
-R.T.I |
*Tarivid
*oflixin |
-200mg tablet
Cap/12hr/5days |
|
-Pefloxacin
|
-U.T.I (prostata) |
*Globacin
|
-Cap/12hr/5days |
|
-Levofloxacin
|
-U.T.I
-R.T.I
|
*Tavanic
(tab &infusion)
*Unibiotic
|
-(250-500mg)
-once daily.
-taken on empty stomach.(1hr
before meal or 2hr after) |
|
-Lomefloxacin
|
-U.T.I
-R.T.I |
*Lomex
*Lomeflox |
-not prescribed with theophilline containing durgs |
|
-Gatifloxacin
|
-U.T.I
-R.T.I |
*Tequin
|
-once daily
|
|
-Sparfloxacin |
--U.T.I
-R.T.I |
*Spara
|
-once daily.
|
|
-Moxifloxacin
|
--U.T.I
-R.T.I |
*Avalox
|
-once daily.
|
|
7)Ketolid
family |
|
|
-Telithromycin |
-U.R.T.I |
*Ketek |
-once daily |
|
8)Sulphonamide :
-inhibitors of metabolism (Folate antagonist)
-as folic acid essential for metabolism in cell
|
-Not use Sulpha susp for <2 years
(cause Kernicitrus )
{Sulpha displace billirubin from
plasma make complex pass B.B.B cause kernicitrus}
-sulpha pass blacenta so not given for
pregnantor lactant.
-some patient have sensitivity for sulpha
–drugs.
-long
run use of sulpha may cause crystal urea so advise patient
to drink large amount of water. |
|
Sulphamethoxazol
+Trimethoprim
|
-Pharyngitis.
-Tonsillitis .
-Sore throat.
-U.T.I
|
-*Septazole
*Septrin
D.S
|
2 tablet/12hr
tablet/12hr
|
